Q Explain in details about pipeline and Materialization ?
Ans :-
a) Pipeline :-
1) Pipeline is used to improve the performance of the queries.
2) It is also called on-the-fly processing .
3)In database management system if query is composed of several relational algebra operators, then result of one operator is sometimes pipelined to another operator without creating a temporary relation to hold the intermediate result.
4) It is implemented as a separate process within the DBMS. Each pipeline takes a stream of tuples from its inputs from its input and creates a stream of tuples as its output.
5) Pipeline operation is cost reducing operation means its eliminates the cost of reading and writing temporary relation.
b) Materialization:
1) Materialization is the process of temporarily writing intermediate algebra operation.
2) When query is composed with relation algebra operation the result of intermediate operation are stored on the secondary storage or disk, which are temporarily written. If the output of an operation save in temporary for processing by the next operation, this is called materialized.
3) The materialization process start from the lowest level operations in the expression, which are at the bottom of the query tree.
4) The process is called materialization because the results of each intermediate operation are created and then used for evaluation of the next level operations.
5) The cost of a materialized evaluation includes the cost of writing the result of each operation, that is, the temporary relation to the secondary storage.
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